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I consider Fountas and Pinnell to be the experts on guided reading and if you need to know why, check out my earlier posts which discuss their Continuum of LitThis video will explain how to determine your students' F & P independent reading levelEach passage uses a levelappropriate percentage of words from leveled books at that reading level aaE = 100% FJ = 95% 5% new words KZ = 90% 10% new words The text of the entire passage is used in the Running Record Most are one page long, but upper level passages can be two pages ALL are available on RazPlus Understanding Your Child S Reading Level 1 Column Page Layout F and p assessment books